home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text>
- <title>
- Libya: Economy
- </title>
- <article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Libya
- Economy</hdr><body>
- <p>Overview: The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon
- revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all
- export earnings and about one-third of GDP. In 1990 per capita GDP
- was the highest in Africa at $5,410, but GDP growth rates have slowed
- and fluctuate sharply in response to changes in the world oil market.
- Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to
- shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs, although the reopening of
- the Libyan-Tunisian border in April 1988 and the Libyan-Egyptian
- border in December 1989 have eased shortages. Austerity budgets and a
- lack of trained technicians have undermined the government's ability
- to implement a number of planned infrastructure development projects.
- Windfall revenues from the hike in world oil prices in late 1990
- improved the foreign payments position and resulted in a current
- account surplus for the first time in five years. The nonoil
- manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20%
- of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to
- include petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Although
- agriculture accounts for only 5% of GDP, it employs about 20% of the
- labor force. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit farm
- output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements.
- </p>
- <p>National product: GDP - exchange rate conversion - $26.1 billion
- (1992 est.)
- </p>
- <p>National product real growth rate: 0.2% (1992 est.)
- </p>
- <p>National product per capita: $5,800 (1992 est.)
- </p>
- <p>Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1991 est.)
- </p>
- <p>Unemployment rate: NA%
- </p>
- <p>Budget: revenues $8.1 billion; expenditures $9.8 billion, including
- capital expenditures of $3.1 billion (1989 est.)
- </p>
- <list>
- <l>Exports: $9.71 billion (f.o.b., 1992)</l>
- <l> commodities: crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural
- gas</l>
- <l> partners: Italy, former USSR, Germany, Spain, France,
- Belgium/Luxembourg, Turkey</l>
- <l>Imports: $8.66 billion (f.o.b., 1992)</l>
- <l> commodities: machinery, transport equipment, food,
- manufactured goods</l>
- <l> partners: Italy, former USSR, Germany, UK, Japan, Korea</l>
- </list>
- <p>External debt: $3.5 billion excluding military debt (1991 est.)
- </p>
- <p>Industrial production: growth rate 10.5%; accounts for 7.6% of GDP
- (not including oil) (1990)
- </p>
- <p>Electricity: 4,935,000 kW capacity; 14,385 million kWh produced,
- 2,952 kWh per capita (1992)
- </p>
- <p>Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts,
- cement
- </p>
- <p>Agriculture: 5% of GNP; cash crops - wheat, barley, olives, dates,
- citrus fruits, peanuts; 75% of food is imported
- </p>
- <p>Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
- commitments (1970-87), $242 million; no longer a recipient
- </p>
- <p>Currency: 1 Libyan dinar (LD)=1,000 dirhams
- </p>
- <p>Exchange rates: Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1 - 0.2998 (January
- 1993), 0.3013 (1992), 0.2684 (1991), 0.2699 (1990), 0.2922 (1989),
- 0.2853 (1988)
- </p>
- <p>Fiscal year: calendar year
- </p></body></article></text>
-
-